数字化工厂建设应具备的分别是互联互通、系统集成、数据信息融合。
1）互联互通：
数字化工厂的核心是连接，要把设备、生产线、工厂、供应商、产品、客户紧密地连接在一起。数字化工厂适应了万物互联的发展趋势，将无处不在的传感器、嵌入式终端系统、生产检测设备、通过信息化系统形成一个网络，使得生产设备之间、设备与产品之间、以及数字世界（虚拟世界）与物理世界之间能够互联，使得机器、工作部件、系统以及人通过网络持续地保持数字信息的交流。
①生产设备之间的互联。生产设备之间互联是单机设备的互联，不同类型和功能的单机设备互联组成生产线，不同的生产线间互联组成数字化车间，数字化车间的互联组成数字化工厂，不同地域、行业、企业的数字化工厂的互联组成一个制造能力无所不在的数字化制造系统联盟。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
②设备和产品的互联。产品和生产设备之间能够通信，使得操作人员能够随时了解产品目前处在哪个加工阶段，以及下一步将如何操作，同时了解产品什么时候被制造等信息。
③虚拟与现实的互联。通过信息化手段将物理设备连接到互联网上，让物理设备具有计算、通信、控制、远程协同等功能，从而实现虚拟网络世界与现实物理世界的融合。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
2）系统集成：
数字化工厂将传感器、嵌入式终端系统、控制系统、生产加工检测等物理设备通过信息化手段形成一个网络，使得人与人、人与设备、设备与设备，以及服务与服务之间能够互联，从而实现企业横向集成、纵向集成、以及未来价值链端到端的集成。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
①横向集成：指企业通过信息网络所实现的一种资源整合，包括生产线设备与设备之间、生产线和生产线之间、车间和车间之间、工厂和工厂之间的联网，这是实现数字化工厂的物理基础。也是未来实现企业间资源共享的基础。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
②纵向集成：指企业内部信息流的集成，采用统一的数据库和软件平台对设备资源数据和生产过程数据、产品数据等信息进行管理，使得主要设备互操作性和关键信息一致性得到解决，数据或信息可以是自上而下和自下而上有效流动，从而为下一步的大数据分析和高级智能决策奠定基础。
③价值链端到端集成：指围绕产品全生命周期的价值链创造，通过价值链不同企业资源的整合，实现从产品设计、生产制造、物流配送、使用维护的产品全生命周期的管理和服务。即将产品制造企业的分析需求、获取订单、供应链和制造、物流交付、获取收入、售后服务直至获取新的订单的整个循环集成起来。
3）数据信息融合：
在系统集成和通信的基础上，利用云计算、大数据等新一代信息技术，在保障信息安全的前提下，实现数据信息协同共享，主要包括以下三种数据信息：数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
①产品数据信息：包括产品全生命周期各阶段的数据信息。产品的各种数据信息被传输、处理和加工，使得产品全生命周期管理成为可能，使得个性化服务成为可能，使得产品管理能够贯穿其全部生命历程，使得用户能够参与产品设计、加工的各种活动中。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
②运营数据信息：包括企业内部的生产线、生产设备的数据，它可以用于对设备本身进行实时监控，并反馈到生产过程中，使得生产控制和管理最优化；还包括经济运行、行业、市场竞争对手等企业外部数据，通过对采购、仓储、销售、配送等供应链环节上数据采集分析，可以减少库存、动态调整生产、改进和优化供应链。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
③产业链数据信息：包括客户、供应商、合作伙伴等数据信息。通过了解技术开发、生产作业、采购销售、内外部后勤等产业链各环节竞争要素数据信息，为企业管理者和参与者提供看待价值链的信息，使得企业有机会把价值链上更多的环节转化为企业的战略优势。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
翻译：
What are the three core functional elements of digital factory construction?
Digital factory construction should have interconnection, system integration, data and information integration.
1) Connectivity:
The core of the digital factory is connection, to connect equipment, production lines, factories, suppliers, products, customers closely together. The digital factory ADAPTS to the development trend of the Internet of everything, and forms a network of ubiquitous sensors, embedded terminal systems, production and testing equipment through information systems, so that production equipment, equipment and products, as well as the digital world (virtual world) and the physical world can be interconnected. Enables machines, working parts, systems, and people to continuously communicate digital information through the network.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
① Interconnection between production equipment. The interconnection between production equipment is the interconnection of single equipment, the interconnection of single equipment of different types and functions constitutes the production line, the interconnection between different production lines constitutes the digital workshop, the interconnection of the digital workshop constitutes the digital factory, the interconnection of the digital factory of different regions, industries and enterprises constitutes a digital manufacturing system alliance with ubiquitous manufacturing capacity.
② Interconnection of equipment and products. The ability to communicate between the product and the production equipment allows the operator to know at any time what stage of processing the product is currently in, and how it will be operated next, as well as knowing when the product is manufactured.
(3) The interconnection of virtual and reality. Physical devices are connected to the Internet through information means, so that physical devices have computing, communication, control, remote collaboration and other functions, so as to achieve the integration of the virtual network world and the real physical world. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
2) System integration:
The digital factory will form a network of physical equipment such as sensors, embedded terminal systems, control systems, production, processing and testing through information means, so that people, people and equipment, equipment and equipment, as well as services and services can be interconnected, so as to achieve horizontal integration, vertical integration, and end-to-end integration of the future value chain.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Horizontal integration: refers to a resource integration achieved by enterprises through information networks, including the networking between production line equipment and equipment, between production lines and production lines, between workshops and workshops, and between factories and factories, which is the physical basis for realizing digital factories. It is also the basis for realizing resource sharing among enterprises in the future. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
② Vertical integration: It refers to the integration of information flow within the enterprise, using a unified database and software platform to manage equipment resource data, production process data, product data and other information, so that the interoperability of main equipment and the consistency of key information can be solved, and data or information can be effectively flowed from top to bottom. Thus laying the foundation for the next step of big data analysis and advanced intelligent decision-making.
(3) End-to-end integration of the value chain: it refers to the creation of the value chain around the whole life cycle of the product, and through the integration of different enterprise resources in the value chain, the management and service of the whole life cycle of the product from product design, manufacturing, logistics distribution, use and maintenance. It is the integration of the entire cycle of analyzing the needs of the product manufacturing enterprise, obtaining orders, supply chain and manufacturing, logistics delivery, obtaining revenue, after-sales service, and obtaining new orders.
3) Data and information fusion:
On the basis of system integration and communication, new generation information technologies such as cloud computing and big data are utilized to realize collaborative sharing of data and information on the premise of ensuring information security, which mainly includes the following three types of data:
① Product data information: including the data information of all stages of the product life cycle. All kinds of data and information of products are transmitted, processed and processed, making it possible to manage the whole life cycle of products, making personalized services possible, making product management throughout its entire life course, and enabling users to participate in various activities of product design and processing.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
(2) Operation data information: including the internal production line, production equipment data, it can be used for real-time monitoring of the equipment itself, and feedback to the production process, so that production control and management optimization; It also includes external data of enterprises such as economic operation, industry and market competitors. Through data collection and analysis of supply chain links such as procurement, warehousing, sales and distribution, inventory can be reduced, production can be dynamically adjusted, and supply chain can be improved and optimized. Digital transformation www.szhzxw.cn
③ Industrial chain data information: including customers, suppliers, partners and other data information. By understanding the data and information of competitive factors in each link of the industrial chain. Such as technology development, production operations, procurement and sales, internal and external logistics. It can provide enterprise managers and participants with information about the value chain. So that enterprises have the opportunity to transform more links in the value chain into strategic advantages.
